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- Simplified planning:; Configuring a ad hoc network is not necessary and the network deigning part is related to radio engineering.
- Possibility of a temporary network configuration: Networks which are needed temporarily can be set up using wireless communication.
Wireless LANs rarely work independently of other networks and, wireless transmission is used to access a wire line network.
"1G (or 1-G) is short for first-generation wireless telephone technology, cellphones. The main difference between two succeeding mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are encyclopedia/1G]
Analogue circuit-switched technology system is used in 1G, with FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), it works mainly in the 800-900 MHz frequency bands. The networks had a low traffic capacity, unreliable handover, poor voice quality, and poor security.
To send; signal from cell base station to the handset, systems typically allocated one 25 MHz frequency band, and another 25 MHz band for signals being returned from the handset to the base station.
Third Generation mobile telephone networks are the most recent phase in the growth of wireless communications technology. Japan's 3G technology is capable of matching the quality of fixed-line telecommunications devices whilst providing high-speed data transmission and global roaming to all areas where 3G networks exist."[The Wireless Telecommunications Market in Japan, April 2006]
W-CDMA and CDMA2000
Time division multiple access (TDMA) is a shared medium access method of channel (usually radio) networks. It divides the channel in to different time slots and allows different users to share the same frequency channel.
CDMA:
Many radio communication technologies use CDMA channel access method. In short FDMA divides access by frequency, TDMA divides it by time and CDMA which is a spread-spectrum and coding scheme divides access by assigning a code since a modulated coded signal has much higher data bandwidth than the data communicated itself.
3G and 802.11 Data Rates and Integration
Data rates of 3G compared to WLANs
The data rates of wireless LANs are anywhere from 1 Mbps to 54 Mbps.
WLANs Integration with 3G networks.
Wireless local area networks and cellular mobile networks have been the most useful technologies to use wireless communication.; 3G networks cover wider areas with ubiquitous connectivity but with low-speed date rates. Wireless local area networks in turn cover small areas but with higher data rates and easy compatibility of wired internet.
Tightly-coupled internetworking
Loosely-coupled internetworkingThe concept behind tightly-coupled approach is that the 802.11 network should appear like another 3G access network to the main 3G network. In this the 802.11 network will imitate functions which are present in 3G core network. As the 3G core network straight away expose its interfaces to the 802.11 network, one operator must possess both the 802.11 and the 3G parts of the network. [Removable User Identity Module Standard for CDMA 2000 Spread;Spectrum Systems, June 2000.]
The users that access services of the 802.11 gateway may comprise users that have in the vicinity signed on, as well as mobile customers visiting from erstwhile networks. "We call this approach loosely-coupled interworking because it completely separates the data paths in 802.11 and 3G networks. The high speed 802.11 data traffic is never injected into the 3G core network but the end user still achieves seamless access. [Wireless IP Network Standard.
In the case of interoperation with CDMA2000, this require that the 802.11 gateway supports Mobile-IP functionalities to hold mobility across networks, as well as AAA services to interwork with the 3G's home network AAA servers. The WLANs when compared to 3G networks have high-speed data rates but small coverage area. IP Mobility Support for IPv4.
Hazysztof Wesolowshi, Mobile Communication System, John Wiley ; Sons, 2002
M. Buddhikot, G. Chandranmenon, S. Han, Y. W. Lee, S. Miller, L. Salgarelli, Integration of 802.11 and Third-Generation Wireless Data Networks, IEEE INFOCOM 2003.
Removable User Identity Module Standard for CDMA 2000 Spread spectrum Systems.
Wireless IP Network Standard.